Reman Biswas

How to Use Flatpak and Flathub Flatpak is a universal package management solution that allows users to install applications on a variety of Linux distributions without worrying about compatibility issues. With Flatpak, applications and their dependencies are bundled into a single package, which provides consistency and security. The Flathub repository is the primary source of Flatpak applications, offering a wide range of software for different Linux distributions. In this guide, we'll cover the basics of setting up and using Flatpak and Flathub on Debian OS. What is Flatpak? Flatpak is a system for building, distributing, and running sandboxed desktop applications on Linux. Some of the main benefits of Flatpak include: - Cross-distro compatibility: Flatpak apps work on almost any Linux distribution. - Sandboxed environments: Applications are isolated from the rest of the system, improving security. - Easier app management: Each app is bundled with its dependencies, which makes it ...

Advantages of snaps Easier to create and manage for Developers: Snaps are easier to create and contain all the dependencies and libraries needed to run, which also means the application uses the latest libraries and do not face any dependencies issues. Automatic Updates: Updates to a snap are delivered automatically daily, and reach out to everyone irrespective of the base OS. One snap for everything: be it a desktop, server or cloud. Different release availability: A snap can be maintained in the stable release, beta versions, and daily build at the same time and you can switch between each other whenever you want. Security: Snaps run in a sandboxed environment, isolated from the rest of your system. If you want to use Snap applications on Linux Mint and other Debian or Ubuntu based distributions, use the command below: sudo apt install snapd Installing snaps Once you found the snap you are looking for, you can install it with the below command: sudo snap install <snap_name...

How to master in Linux   Mastering Linux requires a combination of knowledge, practice, and experience. Here are a few steps you can take to become proficient in Linux: Learn the basics: Familiarize yourself with the Linux command line, directory structure, and basic commands. There are many resources available online, such as tutorials and guide books, that can help you get started. Practice, practice, practice: The more you work with Linux, the more comfortable you will become with it. Create a virtual machine or install Linux on a spare computer to experiment with different commands and configurations. Learn the system administration: Understanding the basic concepts of system administration is crucial to mastering Linux. Learn about file permissions, user management, package management, and system backups. Read man pages and documentation: Linux has a wealth of documentation available. The man pages (manual pages) provide detailed information about commands and tools. Get invol...

 LINUX Practice Questions   PART 1 : PART 2 : PART 3 : PART 4 :   

 Granting the Root User’s Group Permissions SGID   SGID also grants temporary elevated permissions, but it grants the permissions of the file owner’s group, rather than of the file’s owner. This means that, with an SGID bit set, someone without execute permission can execute a file if the owner belongs to the group that has permission to execute that file.  The SGIDbit works slightly differently when applied to a directory: when the bit is set on a directory, ownership of new files created in that directory goes to the directory creator’s group, rather than the file creator’s group. This is very useful when a directory is shared by multiple users. All users in that group can execute the file(s), not just a single user. The SGID bit is represented as 2 before the regular permissions, so a new file with the resulting permissions 644 would be represented as 2644 when the SGID bit is set. Again, you would use the chmod command for this—for example, chmod 2644 filename.

Granting Temporary Root Permissions with SUID As you should know by now, a user can execute a file only if they have permission to execute that particular file. If the user only has read and/or write permissions, they cannot execute. This may seem straightforward, but there are exceptions to this rule. You may have encountered a case in which a file requires the permissions of the root user during execution for all users, even those who are not root.   For example, a file that allows users to change their password would need access to the /etc/shadow file—the file that holds the users’ passwords in Linux—which requires root user privileges in order to execute. In such a case, you can temporarily grant the owner’s privileges to execute the file by setting the SUID bit on the program.   Basically, the SUID bit says that any user can execute the file with the permissions of the owner but those permissions don’t extend beyond the use of that file. To set the SUID bi...

There are many Text editors available for Linux, and the best one for you will depend on your specific needs and preferences. Some popular choices include: Vim: A highly configurable, command-line based text editor that is known for its efficiency and powerful features. Emacs: A highly configurable, extensible text editor that is known for its rich set of features and ability to be customized to a user's specific needs. Nano: A simple, easy-to-use text editor that is great for beginners or for quick edits on the command line. Sublime Text: A cross-platform, proprietary text editor that is known for its speed and user-friendly interface. Atom: A open source text editor with a modern and approachable interface, that supports various languages and has a wide range of plugins available. Visual Studio Code: A open source, cross-platform text editor from Microsoft, that supports various languages and has a wide range of plugins available. Ultimately, the choice of text editor will come d...

Linux is considered to be more secure than Windows and macOS for a few reasons: Open-source nature: Linux is open-source software, which means that the source code is available for anyone to view and modify. This allows for a large community of developers to constantly review and improve the code, making it more secure. Fewer vulnerabilities: Linux has fewer known vulnerabilities than Windows and macOS, partly because of its open-source nature, which allows for more eyes on the code, and also the fact that it is less commonly used than Windows and macOS, so it is less likely to be targeted by hackers. Less malware: Linux is less susceptible to malware because it is not as widely used as Windows and macOS, and also because the architecture and permissions system in Linux make it more difficult for malware to execute or spread. Stronger security model: The design of Linux's security model is fundamentally different than Windows or MacOS. Linux uses a multi-user model, which means th...

GNU/Linux is a type of operating system, which is the software that controls the basic functions of a computer. It is made up of two parts: the Linux kernel, which is the core part of the operating system that communicates with the computer's hardware, and the GNU software, which is a collection of programs and libraries that provide additional functionality. The Linux kernel was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and is open source software, which means that it can be freely used, modified, and distributed by anyone. The GNU software was created by the Free Software Foundation and is also open source. The combination of the Linux kernel and GNU software creates a complete operating system that is stable, secure and customizable. GNU/Linux is widely used in servers, desktops, smartphones, and embedded systems. It is known for its stability, flexibility, and low cost. It is also important to note that there are many different distributions of GNU/Linux, such as Ubuntu, Debian, Fedor...

RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) and CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing) are two different types of computer processor architectures. RISC processors have a smaller set of instructions that are simpler and easier to execute, which makes them faster and more efficient. They also have a simpler internal design and require fewer transistors, which makes them less expensive to produce. CISC processors, on the other hand, have a larger set of instructions that are more complex and take longer to execute. They also have a more complex internal design and require more transistors, which makes them more expensive to produce. However, CISC processors can perform multiple tasks in one instruction, which can make them more powerful and efficient in certain situations. RISC processors are used in embedded systems, mobile devices, and high-performance servers, while CISC processors are used in personal computers and workstations.